Cancer types
Understand how review pathways may apply to a specific cancer.
Educational guides to the clinical and molecular questions that commonly arise for 21 cancer types, and how POAS, Molecular Tumour Board review, second opinions and genetics pathways may help.
Find a cancer type
Common solid tumours
- Breast CancerBreast cancer is not one disease.
- Lung CancerLung cancer is broadly divided into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which includes adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer.
- Colorectal CancerColorectal cancer includes cancers of the colon and rectum.
- Prostate CancerProstate cancer ranges from slow-growing disease that may be monitored to advanced cancer that needs active treatment.
- Ovarian CancerOvarian cancer includes several distinct histological types, of which high-grade serous carcinoma is the most common.
- Endometrial CancerEndometrial cancer begins in the lining of the uterus.
- Pancreatic CancerMost pancreatic cancers are adenocarcinomas, and most carry a KRAS mutation.
- Liver & Biliary CancersThis group includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which arises in liver cells, and biliary tract cancers: cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer.
- Gastric & Oesophageal CancersGastric (stomach) and oesophageal cancers include adenocarcinomas and, in the oesophagus, squamous cell carcinomas.
Other solid tumours
- Head & Neck CancersHead and neck cancers include cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, sinuses and salivary glands.
- Brain & Central Nervous System TumoursBrain and central nervous system tumours include primary tumours, such as gliomas and meningiomas, and secondary tumours that have spread from cancer elsewhere..
- Thyroid CancerMost thyroid cancers are differentiated (papillary or follicular) and many have a favourable outlook.
- Kidney CancerMost kidney cancers are renal cell carcinomas (RCC).
- Bladder & Urothelial CancersUrothelial cancers most often arise in the bladder but can also occur in the upper urinary tract (renal pelvis and ureter).
- Melanoma & Other Skin CancersMelanoma arises from pigment-producing cells.
- SarcomasSarcomas are rare cancers of connective tissues, such as muscle, fat, bone and blood vessels.
- Rare Cancers and Cancer of Unknown PrimaryCancer of unknown primary (CUP) is diagnosed when cancer has spread but the place it started cannot be identified after a thorough work-up.
Blood cancers
- LeukaemiaLeukaemias are cancers of blood-forming cells.
- LymphomaLymphomas are cancers of lymphocytes.
- Multiple MyelomaMultiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
- Other Haematological MalignanciesThis group includes myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) such as polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and myelofibrosis, and rarer conditions such as systemic mastocytosis and histiocytic neoplasms..
No cancer type matches your search. Try a broader term, or contact KPCIRC.
How KPCIRC pathways may apply across cancer types
POAS
Structured interpretation of an existing molecular report in the context of a specific cancer.
Molecular Tumour Board
Multidisciplinary review for selected complex questions.
Second opinion
An additional perspective on a diagnosis or proposed plan.
Genetics & risk
Hereditary assessment and counselling where history suggests it.
These guides are educational and do not substitute for a clinician’s assessment. Biomarkers, panels, available tests and treatment options vary by cancer type, setting and country. A guide does not mean that a specialist or service is available for every cancer type.